Written Lifeguarding Practice Test

The presence of disorientation, flailing arms, or an inability to reach the pool edge indicates that a swimmer is in distress and requires immediate assistance. These signs are critical warning signals that the swimmer may be struggling to stay afloat, overwhelmed by exhaustion, or in a medical emergency.

When a swimmer is disoriented, it suggests they may not be fully aware of their surroundings or their own situation, which can lead to panic. Flailing arms often reflect a frantic attempt to stay above water, revealing that the swimmer is unable to swim effectively. Similarly, an inability to reach the pool edge demonstrates that the swimmer might be physically exhausted or unable to maintain their position in the water, enhancing the urgency for rescue.

In contrast, smiling and splashing around typically indicate that a swimmer is enjoying themselves and is likely safe. Joining a group of swimmers suggests social interaction and does not usually indicate distress. Furthermore, trying to swim to the deep end doesn't necessarily mean someone is in trouble; they might simply be attempting to enjoy a deeper area of the pool. Thus, none of these alternatives provide an indication of immediate danger as clearly as the signs outlined in the correct option.